Ancient+Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations
__//**Sumer**//__

From early on, Sumer consisted of 12 city-states: Adab, Akshak, Bad-tibira Erech, Kish, Lagash, Larak, Larsa, Nippur, Sippar, Umma and Ur. These city-states were independent entities, that often waged war against each other, but there were also wars against a unity of them and Akkad and Elam.

They believed that the stars on the sky were gods that controlled the events in the world, and that the position between these gods could be used to predict events in the world, as well as the fortune for individuals.

__//**Agricultural Revolution**//__

__//**Inventions**//__

__//**City-State**//__

__//**Babylonia**//__

The society was governed by an absolute monarch, the king, who was active in all fields of life, both as a legislator, judge, administrator and warlord. He was directly in charge of governing the Babylonia, and appointed directly his closest coworkers, the governors.The Babylonian society was divided into three classes, awilu upper class, musheknupeople who are free but a little mean and wardu slaves.

__//**Assyria**//__

__//**Egypt**//__

__//**Language**//__

__//**Social Structure**//__

__//**Mesopotamia**//__

__//**India**//__

__//**China**//__

It is known as the "cradle of civilization", Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Assyrian Empire and Babylonian Empire, and later conquered by the Achaemenid Empire(Persians). It mostly remained under Persian rule until the 7th century Islamic conquest of the Sassanid Empire (Also a persian dynasty).
 * Mesopotamia** "The Two Rivers " redirects here.(from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers")is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely located in modern Iraq, also in northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey,and the southwestern Iran.


 * Sumer:**

=
located in southern Mesopotamia, is one of the earliest known civilizations in the world. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period (late 6th millennium BC) through the Uruk period (4th millennium BC) and the Dynastic periods (3rd millennium BC) until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC. The importance of this state was invebtion of wheel and agricartural revoulotion. People who lived there are the ancestor of 70% people of Modern world.======

The sumerians' inventions were their gifts to the world. All the civilizations that followed used invention of the Sumerians. The greatest gift the sumerians gave to the world was the invention of writing. They keep track of their buisness by writing and recording it. They began by drawing pictures, and then it turned into Cuneiform. They used Peices of clay to write on. (Cited from Text Book)
 * The Invention of writting**

[[image:Standard_of_Ur_chariots.jpg width="914" height="105"]]
Babylon Tower: (According to Bible), Babylonian under rule of Nimroud, made a huge tower which were made to reach the sky.(mainly God). It was the first huge structure after the great flood andone of the wonders of world. There is a legend which describes G-D's decision to make differnt languages for people's races so they can not build the tower. (**//NEED REPAIR )//** The Assyrian kings controlled a large kingdom at three different times in history. These are called the **Old** (20th to 15th c. BC), **Middle** (15th to 10th c. BC), and **Neo-Assyrian (New Era)** (911 – 612 BC) kingdoms, or periods, of which the last is the most well known and best documented. The Assyrian homeland was located near a mountainous region, extending along the Tigris as far as the high Gordiaean or Carduchian mountain range of Armenia, sometimes known as the "Mountains of Ashur". Assyrians invented excavation to undermine city walls, battering rams to knock down gates, as well as the concept of a corps of engineers, who bridged rivers with pontoons or provided soldiers with inflatable skins for swimming.
 * Babylonia** was an state in lower Mesopotamia, with Babylon as its capital. Its king was Hammurabi (fl. ca. 1728 – 1686 BC ), He created an empire out of the territories of the kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad. Babylonia adopted the written Semitic Akkadian language for official use, and retained the Sumeria language for religious use, which by that time was no longer a spoken language. The Akkadian and Sumerian cultures played a major role in later Babylonian culture, and the region would remain an important cultural center, even under outside rule.
 * Assyria** was originally a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur (Later, as a nation and empire that came to control all of the Fertile Crescent, Egypt and much of Anatolia. It had "Nineveh" as its capital.