Reformation

=**__Reformation__**= A religious movement in Europe in the 16th century. Lading to the establishment of the PROTESTANT churches.

**__Problems with the Catholic Church:__**

 * Sinful clergies.
 * Popes seemed more concerned ti-eh luxury and political power than with spiritual matters.
 * Many local priests lacked education and were not able to teach people.
 * People resented paying taxes to support the church in Rome.
 * Selling of indulgences. (Get out of hell free card with pope's signature.)
 * The Bible was only written in Latin, so many people couldn't understand it by themselves.
 * Taxes on every service.
 * Most money was going to Rome instead of people's local community.

==**__Martin Luther: Who was he? What did he do? How did he do it? __** ==

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==**__Martin Luther was a monk who protested the actions of a church official. __** == He nailed the 95 theses on the door of a catholic church in Wittenburg, Germany. This happened in 1517. He was a good philosopher, so he could answer all questions that people asked about Lutheran. Study in the monastery and went to school in Wittenburg. He didn't believe that the church should take the peoples money. He thinks the bible should be written in English not in Latin. He thinks God is the only one who can judge people.

**__The Role of the Printing Press in the Reformation:__**
Printing Press played an important role in the Reformation and Luther's ideas spread rapidly after he published his Bible. It printed out the 95 theses. So, information spread to people easily and more people were able to read because of the printing press.

**__Thoughts and Ideas in Luther's new religion:__**

 * You don't have to listen to priests to get your soul clean.
 * The church is wrong to sell indulgence, which buy time out of Purgatory.
 * Read the Bible in your own language and not Latin.
 * It's wrong to make an image of Gods.
 * Priests could get married.

__What was the Peace of Augsburg? Agreement in 1555 declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler.__
With the Peace of Augsburg, princes could then decide if their region was going to be Protestant or Catholic. Before this peace agreement, Protestants and Catholics just killed each other.

__What are 5 difference between Catholics and Protestants?__
1. Catholics thought that Bible should be in Latin. Protestants thought that Bible should be in English.

2. Catholics: decorated churches with paintings and statues. Protestants had a plain and simple churches.

3. Catholics: people need priest to talk with God. Protestants: people don't need a priest to talk with God.

4. Catholics: the Pope could forgive sins for a price. Protestants: only Jesus should forgive sins.

5. Catholics: priests should wear a special clothes and should not be married. Protestants: ministers could wear normal clothes and get married.

==__Movie: Luther: What did the Pope want to do to Luther? What makes Luther so smart as he makes his ideas known about the problems with the Catholic Church? What did you see a Catholic priest do in the movie?__ ==

John Knox was impressed by Calvin's high moral ideals. He and his followers made calvinism Scotland's official religion. This was beginning of the Presbyterian Church.

**__Calvin:Calvinism.__**

 * Took ideas from Lutheranism.
 * Men and women were both sinful due to Adam and Eve.
 * Wrote a book about his ideas and that was the spread of his religion.
 * He also believed in something called predestination. This says that God has a plan for all people who are born.

**__Who were the Presbyterians?__**
Presbyterians were people who followed John Knox's religion. Elders governed presbyterians.

**__What was Predestination?__**
It was a Doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be saved.

**__King HenryⅧ and the English Reformation :__**
Henry VIII wanted a male heir, but his first wife failed. e wanted to divorce with is first wife, but the Pope refused to annul the marriage because he was afraid of Spain. He created this religion to get remarried. He ignored the pope. He kicked out the pope because the pope annulled his wish to get a divorce

**__King Henry VIII and his 6 wives:__**
He had many wives because he wanted to have a son that could be a king after him. King Henry viii had 6 wives:
 * 1) Catherine of Aragon
 * 2) Anne Boleyn
 * 3) Jane Seymour
 * 4) Anne of Cleves
 * 5) Catherine Howard
 * 6) Catherine Parr

<span style="color: rgb(243,48,48);">__King Henry's New Church:__
Henry was the head of church. He took over the church and made it the Church of England. Parliament (English government) recognized Henry as head of the church and followed it. It is also called Anglican Church.

<span style="color: rgb(241,14,180);">**__The Catholic Counter-Reformation:__**
They made rules of the Catholic Church and whoever broke those was in big trouble a counsel of trent invented this doctrine.

To keep Catholic believers loyal when Protestant churches grew all over Europe,Catholic Church took steps to change itself. Catholic church formed the Council of Trent and the council passed some doctrines.


 * The doctrines included that Bible and the Church had equal authority in setting out Christian beliefs and indulgences were valid expressions of faith. Also, Catholic church founded new group called the Jesuits and started schools across Europe in order to convert people to Catholicism.**

<span style="color: rgb(227,43,43);">__What was the Council of Trent?__
Meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. At this meeting the Catholic Church decided that:


 * The word of the Church is the final truth
 * The Bible and the Church are equal
 * Good works and faith can bring salvation (go to heaven)
 * Indulgences are okay but they should not be sold like they had been

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==<span style="color: rgb(227,43,43);">__Did the Reformation make the Catholic Church more unified or more divided? The Reformation made the Catholic Church more unified.as a result of the reforms started at the Council of Trent.__ == Divided; many people started to belong to protestant religions.